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Simply put, a hangover refers to a set of signs and symptoms one experiences after a night of drinking. The symptoms vary from mild to severe, depending on an individual, type of alcohol consumed. In instances where a hangover derails daily activities, one should seek professional help from specialized institutions such as the NAD Treatment San Diego.

Several factors contribute to the aftermath of alcohol consumption. These include;-

• Direct effects of alcohol on body systems
• Alcohol withdrawal from the body
• Effects of alcohol metabolites
• Chemicals present in alcoholic beverages
• Personal characteristics of the drinker
• Behaviors associated with drinking

In this article, we will detail how each of these factors functions to cause a hangover;

Direct Effects of Alcohol

Alcohol consumption directly contributes to the development of a hangover in the following ways;-

Dehydration

Research shows that alcohol is a diuretic, i.e., it causes increased urine production. That causes excessive water loss from the body, leading to the development of common hangover symptoms such as thirst, dizziness, weakness, and dry mouth. At Livv Natural, hangover patients receive IV hydration treatment to restore water and electrolytes lost.

Electrolyte Imbalance

Excessive vomiting, diarrhea, and sweating associated with a hangover cause loss of crucial electrolytes from the body. That exacerbates the symptoms of a hangover, leading to headaches, weakness, and irritability.

Gastrointestinal Disturbances

Alcohol irritates the digestive system and causes increased acid production. Consequently, one complains of a severe heartburn the morning after.

Plus, alcohol can slow down or speed up food movement along your digestive tract, depending on how much you consume. These effects result in abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and in some instances, diarrhea.

Binge drinking irritates the pancreas, causing acute pancreatitis; a fatal medical emergency is not caught on time. Also, excessive alcohol consumption disrupts normal liver functioning, ultimately producing fatty liver.

Low Blood Sugar

Studies show alcohol inhibits glucose production while quickly depleting the glucose reserves in the body. Besides, most people indulge in alcohol on an empty stomach, further contributing to the low blood sugar levels.

Glucose is the primary source of energy in the body. When at low levels, one experiences symptoms of hypoglycemia such as fatigue, excessive sweating, mood disturbances, and weakness. These are some of the significant symptoms associated with a hangover.

Disruption of Various Biological Functions

Alcohol disrupts the normal functioning of the body. Though most people barely take note, alcohol-induced sleep is shorter and of poor quality. Lack of adequate sleep causes fatigue and drowsiness experienced when hangover.

Besides, alcohol interferes with normal body temperature and the secretion of crucial hormones such as cortisol and the growth hormone. Consequently, one experiences jet lag symptoms associated with a hangover.

Headache

A majority of drinkers underestimate the effects of alcohol on the body. Alcohol causes dilatation of blood vessels all through the body. This effect, popularly known as vasodilation, triggers the development of headaches.

Plus, experts suspect alcohol affects crucial hormones and neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and histamine, leading to headaches.

Effects on the Immune System

Drinking alcohol may interfere with one’s immune system. Some hangover symptoms such as reduced appetite, nausea, and decreased concentration may be as a result of temporary changes in the immune system influenced by alcohol.

Alcohol Metabolites

Alcohol has to be broken down before elimination from the body. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are the enzymes responsible.

ADH metabolizes alcohol to acetaldehyde, further broken down into acetate for effective elimination. However, in some individuals with genetic mutations of ALDH, acetaldehyde accumulates in the body.

Acetaldehyde is a toxic metabolite whose effects persist into the hangover period exacerbating the symptoms further.

Alcohol Withdrawal

Most people are overly excited and active when drunk, a contrast to the depressing effect alcohol has on the central nervous system. Once alcohol is eliminated, the central nervous system becomes hyperactive, causing tremors, rapid heartbeat, and in some severe cases, convulsions.

In some cases, the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal overlap with those of someone experiencing a hangover.

Effects of Other Factors

Besides the direct effects of alcohol, several other factors contribute to the development of a hangover. These include;-

Congeners

The smell, taste, and appearance of alcoholic beverages are partly due to chemical compounds known as congeners. These are by-products of fermentation, with the most common examples being tannins and methanol.

Congers are present at higher levels in darker alcoholic beverages and are associated with more severe hangovers. Drinks such as gin and vodka that are purely alcohol result in a milder hangover. In contrast, alcoholic beverages rich in congeners, such as brandy and whisky, tend to cause severe hangovers.

Personal Influences

Surprisingly, the traits of an individual influence the severity of their hangover symptoms. Research shows that shy people tend to be anxious when hangover, exacerbating their symptoms.

Persons undergoing life pressures and stress or those who tend to feel guilty after a night out also experience severe hangovers.

Furthermore, younger persons and female gender are prone to experiencing more severe hangover symptoms. Individuals with a family history of alcoholism tend to experience increased hangover symptoms. At the same time, these individuals tend to drink more than persons with no family history of alcoholism.

Behaviors Associated with Drinking

It is not unusual to find a person drinking alcohol and, at the same time, smoking cigarettes or using other drugs such as cocaine and marijuana. Research shows these substances cause their hangover symptoms, further worsening one’s condition. Unfortunately, the exact mechanism is yet to be explained.

Staying up for longer than the norm is also suspected of worsening the hangover symptoms. Eating on an empty stomach also helps exacerbate the severity of a hangover. That is because, when hungry, the alcohol is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream; thus, one will feel drunk faster and even worse the morning after.

Conclusion

Anyone who has suffered from a hangover can tell you it is not a pleasant experience. From the above discussion, so many factors cause a hangover. However, dehydration and the toxic effects of alcohol are the primary culprits.

Though dehydration can be quickly reversed and its effects relieved, only time can heal one from the toxic effects of alcohol on the various body systems.

 

The importance of a reliable, fast and powerful processor, disk space, RAM memory, a nice operating system and a competent graphics card for your computer cannot be denied. If you are in the market to buy a laptop, desktop or any other type of personal or notebook computer, reviewing these five component characteristics before making a purchase will be worth your while for they directly impact your purchasing decision.

Processor

The processor is where your computer’s speed and power comes from. The most common processor in the market today is the Intel Core Series and AMD’s Rizen series both offering the latest technology, performance, core clock and cache speeds.

Memory (RAM)

Random Access Memory is what your computer uses to do its work – it stores the necessary data for the programs, applications, OS to run and so on. RAM acts as a temporary data storage which enables fast, quick and seamless data retrieval back and forth during work on your computer.

PC (custom or pre-assembled) can have varying range of RAM capacity, and capacity is expressed using a value (the one you see on your computer) that determines the amount of data that can be stored in RAM during the process of running a program.

Generally speaking, a higher RAM value means better performance and speed. Note that their is no ideal amount of RAM for a computer – the amount of memory you need is determined by the type of programs you are running, your work demands, among others.

Graphics Card

In the world of PC gaming, these are essential as they are responsible for making the graphics more appealing to the player. Technically speaking a GPU is responsible for processing the vector graphics, lights, physics, texturing and so on.

The most recent models of the graphic card are the Radeon and GeForce, both having powerful graphics processors that never fail to satisfy their targets; the modern gamers.

Hard Disk Space

Storage device is where your computer stores all of the files, documents, games, photos among others. Available in numerous capacities, the disk space is best measured using byte units. There are bytes (B) to KB (kilobytes) to MB (megabytes) and many more. They are available in distinct types, with HDD being most common, SSD being faster, though some are hybrid (part SSD, part HDD) that acts as a dual function.

When considering to purchase a new PC, storage space is one of the most vital factors to consider. More adequate storage means more space for more files, photos, videos, and music to be stored on your computer.

Operating System

OS acts as an interface between your computer’s hardware, software and you. It enables you to seamlessly run applications, programs, and your personal files with ease without having to worry about the underlying coding, hardware, etc. For instance, Mac OS X is popular among creative professionals, Windows 10 from Microsoft is a popular OS used in most computers today.

Budget

This is the most important factor to consider as it determines your range of options when it comes to buying a PC/laptop/desktop. Money is often both object and obstacle when it comes to purchasing a new computer however to ease your decision-making process, search a cash advance online to get a pre-approved loan and view the best deals suit you.

Verdict

After all, we always desire to get the most of our money’s worth, and the best personal computer that you can enjoy while in the comfort of your home will surely leave you with a satisfied buying decision thanks to the above guide.

Growing marijuana outdoors may be challenging. Unlike indoor growing, where you can recreate a natural environment and control temperature, humidity, and lighting, it’s hard to control the variables in outdoor growing. Exposure to uncontrollable elements and pests may pose a great danger to the plants.

However, despite all these potential challenges, growing your marijuana seeds outdoors can significantly reward you. Tending your plants early in the morning as the mist skates across the grass can be a magical moment. Inspecting your plants’ leaves and foliage in the glow of the sunset can also be refreshing. But before initiating your outdoor operation, you need to factor in several things to be successful.

Here are tips you need to know as you grow your cannabis outdoors.

• Choose The Right Strain of Seeds

It’s important to select the right strain of seeds from a homegrown cannabis company to grow outdoors. Your location and climatic conditions may affect your choice of seeds. Some seeds grow well in warm climates, and others do well in cool climates. You want to choose the right strain of seeds that suit your environment.

If you live in a warm temperate climate, finding seeds suitable for your region may be easy because most commercial strains are designed for warmer climates. Long summers and mild winters are the perfect conditions for growing cannabis. Warm climates support the growth of almost any strain, whether it’s Sativa varieties of Indica variety.

But if you’re living in a cold temperate climate, worry not. There are strains that are best for your region. You can choose strains such as Feminized, Early Skunk, and Jamaican Pearl. These strains are hardy and flower early.

• Germinate Your Seeds Indoors

It’s advisable to let your seeds germinate indoors before transferring them. You can grow them in a pot for one or two weeks under artificial light, such as a CFL. That’ll protect them from being destroyed by insects or birds when they’re tender and head-start them if the outdoor conditions are a little cold.

When you’re transferring your plants outdoors after germinating them, take them through a hardening-off period. Hardening off will help your plants to adapt to the change in the environment gradually. You can do this by taking them out and keeping them sheltered from the elements. After exposing them to outdoor conditions for a week, they’ll be hardy to withstand the conditions full-time either in bags, holes in the soil or pots.

• Select the Right Spot For Planting

Choose a spot that receives a fair amount of sunlight when planting the seedlings in your garden. The plants need to photosynthesize as much as possible to grow and give superior yields. However, if you’re living in a region with brutal sunshine during the summer, ensure you monitor your plants’ hydration.

Planting your seedlings on a spot that has a breeze may also help them to carry the weight of their buds later on. Plants exposed to a continuous light breeze become sturdy, especially when they’re still young. However, if you are residing in an area with gale-force winds, consider positioning your plants next to walls, have windbreaks or other forms of shelter.

• Choose the Right Time For Growing

Indoor growers can grow cannabis plants at any time of the year. Outdoor growing, on the other hand, is dependent on nature, and it can decide it’s too chilly for plants to live.

Outdoor growing needs you to have patience. You must know the time of the year to germinate seeds, tend them through their vegetative and flowering periods, and harvest them. If you’re living in the tropics, you can be fortunate enough to grow cannabis throughout the year. But if you’re living in cold regions, you may be forced to obey the seasons.

In most of Europe and America, you can have your seedlings in the soil around May and harvest them in September. Because various regions have different times for sowing, it’s essential to check the recommended times and appropriate strains.

• Ensure You Mix The Soil With Fertilizer

Before planting your cannabis seedlings, you want to ensure you’ve prepared their food well. Just like humans, marijuana plants need food to grow and blossom. Through their roots, they suck minerals from the soil to conduct photosynthesis, build proteins, and bloom flowers. If they don’t get these minerals, they’ll grow slowly and give low yields.

Planting your seedlings on quality soil can help them thrive. That’s why you want to add fertilizer to it to add more nutrients. Healthy soil has bacteria, fungi, and beneficial microorganisms that will support your plants’ growth.

• Water Your Crops Well

Water, just like healthy soil, ensures the optimal growth of plants. With these two components, your plants will take care of themselves and give you the yields you desire. But even as you water your plants, be careful not to overdo it. After saturating the soil with water, wait for the topsoil to become dry before watering again. Too much water may cause roots to rot and prevent them from absorbing nutrients.

During hot temperatures, your plants may take up a lot of water. It would be best if you ensure they get sufficient water to enable them to grow vigorously and not dry out. If you can’t access your plants regularly, set a drip system that will ensure your plants remain hydrated.

• Keep Your Plants From Pests

One significant challenge that you are likely to face as an outdoor grower is pest infestation. Harmful pests such as spider mites, aphids, fungus gnats, and whiteflies can be a menace to the growth of your plants. Therefore, to get yields from your cannabis plants, you want to control these pests.

There are many ways of controlling pests. You can use chemical pesticides (though they pollute the environment and are a health hazard) or biological pest controlling methods.

The Bottom-line

Growing cannabis outdoors may be a great experience though it has its shares of challenges as well. You need to know when to plant, choose the right seeds, mix your soil with fertilizer, hydrate your crops, and keep them from pests if you want to have a bountiful harvest. Though all that may seem to be a lot of work, it yields success.

 

We think of global positioning system (GPS) technology as being reliable and relatively infallible. Aside from your phone’s map application occasionally failing to update a new road or having trouble finding a specific house address, our interactions with GPS tend to be overwhelmingly positive. However, this technology might not be as safe as we think. In the world of cyber crime, it’s the next big point of emphasis for hungry hackers.

The Garmin Cyber Attack

On July 23, 2020, millions of Garmin users were frustrated by the fact that they couldn’t upload their exercise data to the network. The problem became so widespread that the company quickly confirmed that there was an outage and posted a message to its website and social media accounts explaining the extent of the problem. They mentioned that, “This outage also affects our call centers, and we are currently unable to receive any calls, emails or online chats.”

After a five-day outage, Garmin was able to restore all services and quickly reassured users that no personal data was lost or stolen. And just like that, everything went back to normal for users. But it was what happened behind the scenes that continues to send a chill down the collective spine of business owners and those in cyber security fields.

While Garmin has been quiet on the issue, internal sources and unnamed individuals close to the matter say the outage was connected to the WastedLocker ransomware – a cyberattack that was able to encrypt the company’s servers and freeze everything. The suspected culprit was a Russian cybercrime group who demanded $10 million in return.

It’s believed that Garmin paid the multi-million dollar ransom, despite the fact that the FBI has long discouraged victims from doing so.

While the media’s main emphasis has been on how the Garmin ransomware attack affects the millions of consumer devices on the market, it could be argued that there are much bigger concerns.

“Navionics (GPS plotter charts), flyGarmin (aviation database app), and inReach (satellite communication with GPS) users also experienced outages,” Mission Secure explains. “Some airplane pilots found themselves grounded, unable to download Garmin’s aviation database, ‘crucial for navigation and compliance with the FAA regulations.’ Garmin Pilot was also down, further hindering flight schedules. In maritime, captains could not access the Navionics server, Navionics Boating app, Chart Installer, and Navionics Chart Viewer.”

If there’s one thing that leading cyber defense organizations like Mission Secure believe, it’s that this attack could have been much worse and that it’s just a matter of time before there’s a bigger attack.

GPS Spoofing at the Geneva Motor Show

While not nearly as serious or costly as the Garmin attack, a recent event at last year’s Geneva Motor Show in Switzerland shows the potential for GPS attacks to wreak havoc on our future lives.

During the popular car show, an attack from an unknown source impacted the GPS systems of Volkswagen, Audi, Rolls-Royce, Peugeot, Renault, BMW, and Daimler-Benz vehicles. And instead of showing the current date and location, all of the vehicles claimed they were located in Buckingham, England…in the year 2036.

Inside the cybersecurity industry, this sort of attack is known as “GPS spoofing.” And though it sounds innocent enough, the future implications could be quite serious.

“The mass spoofing of vehicles demonstrates the real cyber threat that exists, regardless of car, model, etc., via any GPS\GNSS device,” industry insider Roi Mit says. “Finding the location of the spoofing source is extremely difficult leaving the hacker with little to no accountability for their actions.”

In an age when everyone wants to talk about self-driving vehicles, the idea that a hacker could infiltrate a vehicle’s GPS system and change settings (without being traced) is rather alarming. It’s indicative of just how important investments in cybersecurity will be in the coming months and years.

The Future of Cyber Attacks

Nobody knows where the future of cyber attacks lies. The challenging thing is that cyber attackers and massive online crime organizations are constantly evolving and changing their approaches. This requires cyber defense companies and experts to stay one or two steps ahead at all times.

As both of these attacks show, GPS cyber crime is a serious matter and should become a greater point of emphasis moving forward. Otherwise, instances like these will become commonplace.

 

Fake ID is a false document used by people of all ages including minors as well as adults. The fake ID can be used by minors to get into nightlife, clubbing pub tours, and driving cars before the legal age. The legal age is 21 years in many countries. Since every elder is interested in buying alcohol and showing it off to their younger fellows. This attracts the teenagers to get this luxurious life too but due to the restrictions, they are left behind in this race. So in order to gain access to such crazy activities, they follow this illegal track of ordering fake IDs through different websites.

People use several ways to create a fake ID like ordering it to different manufacturing websites. Also, people are making customized fake IDs on different websites online. This is most suitable for most people. This helps them to create an ID of their own desire and wish. Firstly they choose an appropriate size and shape of the ID card. Select a size that fits your need. The very next move is to pick a suitable theme. The site provides many options for the font, color, and theme. It depends upon the requirement of the manufacturer which background suits it the most.

The online fake ID has a unique feature of using a personalized image on the ID card. It already has a default picture but one can choose from one’s own computer. If one has any issue in revealing its own picture than one can choose from the dashboard of the website and paste it on the fake ID card. The background of the picture can be filled with different patterns and colors. Common creative pictures can also be used by anyone making an online fast fake ID.

In order to enter information on the card write in the text box. These sites offer this service to highlight any important information on the ID. Once you have given an appropriate look to your fake ID card and it is according to your wish. The final step is to share and print the fast fake ID made online. Some websites provide the facility to share the events and procedures you have gone through while making your false ID. It can be shared over the flyers, brochures, and posters. This is the way your creative work gets acknowledged.

The idea of making fast fake IDs online is highly appreciated by many teenagers. They just have to make few clicks and their ID to access nightlife and purchasing of alcohol becomes easier. The adults make fake IDs in order to skip the lengthy procedures and interviews to get a driving license. The major drawback is one doesn’t practice driving. One doesn’t have to pass a driving test and it results in reckless driving by the adults. They are not well aware of the driving rules and regulations. So they become rash drivers. The consequences are a hazard and we came to listen to road traffic accidents on a daily basis.

All the countries on this map have their unique laws and these laws are implemented in their own way. The majority of the states in the US have a legal age of 21 years for buying alcohol and driving fancy cars. The citizens of the US calls it a conservative law. The law in Australia is a bit relaxing because the legal age to get access to this luxurious life is 18 years. But the new generation can’t wait for their time and get addicted to drugs. To fulfill this desire of taking drugs they make fake IDs and use it frequently. If their luck helps them and they do not get caught by the police or bouncers they recommend it to their other fellows too.

The bad company affects innocent people and they get involved in these obnoxious activities too. In this way, this vicious cycle goes ahead. There is a need to work on the mindset of the youth and bring them into a world of constructive hobbies. The fake ID users have invented many ways to manufacture fake IDs online. Production of false identifications has become very popular in today’s world as its use has become frequent by the minors.

 

Injuries of any sorts are never pleasant, but those affecting the brain are especially worrisome as any damage can also lead to debilitating conditions as well.

There are several different types of injuries to the brain, from mild to severe. However, the more concerning factor is not the pain that they cause, but their repercussions. Many a times the injury is not visible to the naked eye, and gains prominence only when it causes physical problems.

It may take several days to several weeks for the potential injury to present itself. Hence, many specialists recommend getting an imaging test like an MRI in Islamabad from a good facility to catch any clot etc. in the brain in time before the condition aggravates.

One such type of brain injury that merits serious treatment is concussion.

What is a concussion?

Concussion is a head injury that results from any blow to the head. It occurs not only when the head gets hit with the hard substance, but also any indirect injury which is common in accidents. Due to the impact of the injury, the brain ends up hitting the skill with a lot of force, also damaging the neural tissue in the process.

If the injury is serious enough, the patient can also lose consciousness, although more often than not, patients remain conscious post-concussion. At the discretion of the doctor, the patient might have to remain in the hospital overnight for observation, as brain injuries do not present issues immediately.

What are the symptoms of concussion?

The symptoms of concussion can be observed within hours or even days after the injury. The common signs of a concussion include disorientation, a perpetual headache that does not go away even with painkiller.

Moreover, concussion also affects the balance of the person, and may make them dizzy as well. Memory loss or inability to concentrate is also a common sign of concussion. Patients also tend to be more perturbed and confused in this state of injury.

Similarly, concussion also causes vision problems and sensitivity towards stimuli like light, sound etc. Fatigue alongside sleeping problems are also experienced by the patients; either they sleep too much or too little. Behavioral changes including irritability, mood swings, depression etc. and digestive issues like vomiting are also amongst the symptoms of concussion.

Children might show different symptoms when they have concussion, and thus in case the child has hit their head hard, parents should be hyper vigilant. The signs to watch out for include excessive crying, loss of interest of the child in their surrounding and changed feeding and sleeping habits.

Scenarios of possible concussion to watch out for

There are certain indicators with regard to head injury that merit urgent visit to the hospital. Minor bruises can be treated by icing the region, but a serious blow to the head is a ticking time bomb.

If someone around you has sustained injury and is unconscious, not lucid, fumbling for understanding, have blood or fluid oozing from their ears, have a seizure, black eye that does not have any external signs of injury, or if the injury is a result of serious accident, call an ambulance as the patient needs immediate medical intervention.

What should be done in case of concussion?

Due to the lag in injury and the onset of symptoms, patients should be careful about their health after injury While most of the time concussions heal in around 7-10 days, however, some may even take months to heal.

Immediately after a concussion, be careful about not injuring yourself again. Do not drive or operate some machinery as its dangerous. Take plenty of rest and have an attendant for the first 48 hours of injury. Although, do not sleep immediately after the injury.

Take the pain medication as per the prescribed dosage. Do not drink alcohol for until after you have healed. Many people have triggers that aggravate their condition like loud noise etc. It is best to avoid all such scenarios that make the symptoms worse.

If the brain is stressed immediately after injury, the healing process will be affected so take time off work or school and avoid any sort of stress.

And the most important part of concussion recovery is medical help. Many people try to play macho and shrug off the injury. Do not do that as you don’t know how serious the injury is by looking at the superficial.

Visit the doctor and you will have to most likely get a CT scan in Lahore as well. It will help the doctor get the visuals from the inside of the brain. They will assess the situation accordingly then. Serious cases may require surgery, whereas other patients can recuperate at home.

 

As the weather begins to cool and green foliage gives way to rich oranges, yellows, and reds, it becomes time to think about shutting your boat down for the year. And this can only mean one thing: It’s time to winterize!

The Importance of Proper Winterization

Winterizing the boat is the process of preparing it for cold weather (to prevent damage, promote longevity, and increase the speed at which you’re able to prepare your boat for the water come springtime). It’s something that you need to take seriously.

“Winterizing is more than just sloshing in some fuel stabilizer, draining the engine, and adding antifreeze. Consider it to be a methodical process that runs from bow to transom,” Popular Mechanics explains. “Because boats and engines differ, start by checking the winterizing/storage sections of your owner’s manual.”

If you can’t find any specific information pertaining to winterization in your owner’s manual, you can follow general recommended tips and tricks. Most of these suggestions will be safe regardless of the type of boat you own.

5 Boat Winterization Tips

If you’re looking for some tips on how to winterize your boat in the most efficient and cost-effective way, we’ve got your back. Consider the following tips:

1. Fog Your Engine

Fogging your engine might sound like a messy process, but it’s really just another way of saying “cleaning” your engine and preparing it for the winter.

“While the engine is running, apply lubricating oil to the engine cylinders and pistons. This is called ‘fogging’ and can be sprayed on carburetors, air intakes or through the fuel line. Be sure to change your engine oil after you’ve fogged the engine,” Wholesale Marine notes. “Lastly, pour biodegradable antifreeze through the cooling system to flush any water and to protect engine parts.”

This is one of the most important steps in the process of winterizing your boat.

2. Protect Your Boat’s Surfaces

Winter air can be tough on your boat’s hull and interior. It may be humid or dry and, in either case, can wreak havoc on your boat.

Boat cleaners come in a variety of types and mediums (including sprays and gels). Buy the correct product for each part of your boat (hull, vinyl interior, metal parts, etc.) and apply per the manufacturer’s instructions.

3. Flush and Drain

Freezing temperatures pose the biggest threat to your boat over the winter months. If not dealt with appropriately, sanitation systems, freshwater systems, air conditioners, water lines, and your boat’s engine could all be damaged.

As part of your winterization process, drain the water lines and freshwater tank and protect them with antifreeze. (Just a few ounces of antifreeze can go a long way towards preventing cracked lines and pipes.)

4. Remove Onboard Systems

Depending on where your boat is located, it might be in storage for six months or more. So it’s important that you grab anything you might need over the next few months (or that could be damaged from sitting out for an extended period of time).

“Before you leave your boat in storage, you also should go through and remove any valuables and electronics,” V-Dock suggests. “Electrical items tend to suffer in cold weather, even when disabled, so taking them home to a climate-controlled space can prevent problems the next season. You should also pack up your flares, fire extinguishers and flotation devices.”

As a general rule of thumb, anything that doesn’t need to be left out shouldn’t be left out. Store it in a safe, warm space and you’ll extend its life.

5. Prevent Mold and Mildew

During winter storage, humid, enclosed spaces can cause mold or mildew to propagate. This can lead to bad smells, discoloration, damage, and even respiratory illnesses in certain individuals. Prevent mold and mildew growth over the winter by properly drying, storing, and ventilating your boat.

Get a Head Start on Next Year

In addition to protecting your boat from premature wear and tear, a thorough winterization process will actually make it simpler to get your boat up and running when the warm weather returns next spring. So, as unappealing as it is to winterize your boat today, consider the fact that you’re making things easier on yourself down the road. Your future self will thank you!

 

Smoking accessories are one of the most important things that you should have while smoking tobacco products. While some accessories are used to enhance the piece of tobacco, some are used as a simple accessory to help you with the usage of tobacco products. From cheap to expensive, there is a wide range of smoking accessories on offer which can change the smoking experience you are currently having with any of the tobacco products. Smoking accessories can be used with cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and much more. Here we will be discussing some of the most common smoking accessories that you should have at any time and can be used by anyone.

Grinder

The grinder is one of the most basic or common accessories while smoking that you will mainly find with people who generally use their own rolled cigarettes or use a different smoking herb in the cigarette. The grinder is mainly used to grind the herb into an even consistency so that the user can put it easily into the cigarette. A grinder can be used with any kind of smoking herb which is similar to tobacco. A grinder is basically small and round in shape and one can easily carry it in their pocket. The product is very affordable and can be found in any offline or online shop.

Container for smoking herb

This is one accessory that most of the people avoid keeping with themselves. Whenever you buy the smoking herb, be it anything. The most important step is to properly store it. Unless you store it properly, you will never be able to restore the flavor of the herb for a long time. The smoking herb which is not stored properly loses its taste and flavor over time and has more moisture content as well. Therefore, one needs to make sure that the smoking herb should remain in an airtight and sealed jar or container which is a must-have.

Ash Tray

One of the basic and most commonly used accessories for smoking is an Ashtray. If you like smoking indoors then you need to have an ashtray no matter what. No one likes their home to be filled with the ash of smoke and to keep their home clean ashtray is a must-have. It not only helps to contain the mess and the remains of the cigarette but also keeps everything in one place. So the next time you think about smoking indoors, make sure you have an ashtray.

Cleaners

When smoking a pipe, it is always necessary to have a good cleaning kit that could clean the pipe through. Not cleaning the pipe properly enough which does not let the airflow properly which helps the tobacco to burn. These cleaning kits are easily available in the market and can be found at lower rates. Make sure to get the complete cleaning kit with brushes, and small rods to clean the pipe through

Now, apart from these, there are a number of smoking accessories that you can find out in the market. But what you need and can be used will depend on the type of tobacco product you use and also your personal preference. You can select the common accessories first such as a lighter, ashtray, and then continue to further purchase more based on the smoking style.

Tobacco can be consumed in many different ways, and Cigars are one of the oldest and best ways among them. When you go out in the market to buy a cigar, you are often confused by the variety you see. Also, there are different cigars in the market, which are different in size, flavor, intensity, aroma, and much more. The different types of cigars are also meant to be used by different types of people. Not all the cigar users are used to smoking original long and thick cigars with a very strong and raw taste. Also, someone who is used to smoking cigarettes mainly goes for little cigars, which are not as strong as an original sized cigar but have a punch. Cigars are tobacco wrapped in the tobacco leaf and not in paper or other material as in a cigarette. Cigars can be divided into three major categories: some of the most commonly used cigars in the world.

Large Cigar

It is the original wide and long cigar that you buy from the market. These are the oldest type or original style of cigar that has been manufactured since the beginning. These cigars have large tobacco leaves that wrap the tobacco inside. Such cigars’ flavor and aroma are very strong and earthy and are not meant for someone who normally smokes cigarettes. Typically a cigar contains one-half ounces of aged tobacco or more and takes around 1-2 hours to smoke a complete cigar. These cigars are very premium in terms of quality and are considered one of the best types of cigars if you want to taste the genuine and authentic cigar flavor.

Cigarillo

Cigarillo is very similar to a cigar in terms of shape but is shorter in size. These are normally meant for people who want to taste cigars in terms of flavor but do not want something as big or strong as a normal cigar. Cigarillo stands perfectly between cigarettes and a cigar and can provide the user with both worlds’ best. It is lighter than a long cigar but does not compromise on flavor. It might not be as rich in smoke as a cigar but still provides a beautiful earthy flavor each time you smoke the flavor. These, along with cigars, have over 95% of the market share when it comes to cigar smokers.

Little cigars

When it comes to little cigars, they are different from what you expect from a cigar. It was specially made for cigarette smokers, who wanted a similar mouth to hand feel from a little cigar and wanted the different flavors. It is a great starting choice for people who are trying to move from cigarettes to cigars. It would be a perfect way to transition slowly from cigarettes as little cigars are almost the same size as a cigarette and also comes with a filter like a cigarette, which is missing in all kinds of cigars.

Conclusion

These are the three basic cigars that you will mostly find in an offline and online shop. With the clear differentiation between the two, you would have to understand which one you should select. I would suggest the large cigar in case you are looking for a rich experience and Cigarillo if you are looking for something between cigarettes and cigars. If you want to stick with cigarettes and still want to try something new, then little cigars would be the best choice. To read more on topics like this, check out the blog category.

Studying in America is a dream that most international students harbor. Boasting of some of the top institutions and an array of endless opportunities, along with an accepting multicultural environment, the USA is one of the top dream destinations that students aspire to study in. If you have always wanted to study in the US, all it needs is a little planning. There are a number of things you need to do right in order to fulfill this dream.

Pick The Right Institution

Check out the 美国大学排名 to pick out the right university to pursue your higher education in. There is also no legal requirement for an institutions to be accredited since the United States doesn’t have a centralized government accreditation system. It is important to understand that just studying in the US is not the goal, but studying in a good place is. The top tier institutions have some of the best minds as faculty, as well as a healthy competition in the form of brilliant peers from across the world. However applications are expensive. Therefore, you need to do your research and shortlist a number of institutions to apply for.

Work On Your Academics

While it is practically obvious, it is important to never forget that ultimately it is your grades which will determine not only which university you go to, but also whether you study in the US at all. Therefore, put in every bit of hard work you can to get your grades up. While some places will admit you solely on the basis of your grades back home, you might be required to take standardized competitive exams like SAT, or tests particular to your degree. Applicants also have to clear the TOEFL or an equivalent English language proficiency test accepted by the institution.

Look Into Funding

Education in an American institution is undoubtedly an extremely expensive affair. With the average tuition fees going up to 30K, and way more for ivy leagues, it is quite a bit of money to pay out of your own pocket. The added costs of books, accommodation, food and overall living expenses add up to a hefty sum. However there are a number of scholarships and grants for meritorious students, which can help pay for your entire or even partial expenses, thus relieving you of heavier student loans. You can also look into various private and government funding options to help you pay for your education abroad.

Necessary Paperwork

Application to an US university or college is a detailed process, which requires you to submit a number of documents ranging from proof of identity to transcripts of grades from your current institution. Make sure you have all your documents related to your degree, as well as any other achievements and test scores sorted before you apply. Write down a list of necessary documents required for each application before you sit down to fill it. Moreover, you will also need to produce a bunch of documents for every step of your visa until you enter the US and start your classes, so keep everything at hand.

With some hard work, preparation and some research, you can easily get admission in an institution of your choice in the USA.